Founded in 1792, Christiansburg has a storied past, with its roots tracing back to early European settlers in the 1670s. The town was originally named Hans Meadow after a Dutch priest and was later renamed to honor Colonel William Christian, an early settler and legislator.

Throughout the 18th and 19th centuries, Christiansburg developed as a hub of commerce and industry, benefiting from its strategic location along the Great Wilderness Road. Notable historical figures such as George Washington, Daniel Boone, and Davy Crockett have ties to the town, adding to its rich historical tapestry.

During the Civil War, Christiansburg played a significant role, with many local men serving in the Confederate army. The town was also the site of several Union invasions, leading to the destruction of much of its infrastructure. Post-war, Christiansburg saw a decline in population but experienced a resurgence in the early 20th century, becoming a regional center with a thriving economy. Today, historical landmarks and museums in Christiansburg celebrate this rich heritage, attracting visitors and preserving the town's legacy.